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Walam Olum
The Walam Olum or Walum Olum, usually translated as "Red Record" or "Red Score," is purportedly a historical narrative of the Lenape (Delaware) Native American tribe. The document has provoked controversy as to its authenticity since its publication in the 1830s by botanist and antiquarian Constantine Samuel Rafinesque. Ethnographic studies in the 1980s and analysis in the 1990s of Rafinesque's manuscripts have produced significant evidence that the document is a hoax. Some Delaware people, however, believe Rafinesque based his writing on actual Lenape stories.〔(Lenape Nation: Lenape Culture ), Native Languages〕
==The work==
In 1836 in his first volume of ''The American Nations'', Rafinesque published what he represented as an English translation of the entire text of the ''Walam Olum'', as well as a portion in the Lenape language.
The ''Walam Olum'' includes a creation myth, a deluge myth, and the narrative of a series of migrations. Rafinesque and others claimed or interpreted the migrations to have begun in Asia. The Walam Olum suggested a migration over the Bering Strait took place 3,600 years ago.〔Jackson, Brittany and Mark Rose. ("Walam Olum Hokum." ) ''Archaeology.'' 4 Dec 2009 (retrieved 26 Dec 2009)〕
The text included a long list of chiefs' names, which appears to provide a timescale for the epic. According to Rafinesque, the chiefs appeared as early as 1600 BCE.〔Rafinesque, C.S.,''The American nations; or, outlines of their general history, ancient and modern, including: the whole history of the earth and mankind in the western hemisphere; the philosophy of American history; the annals, traditions, civilization, lanuguages, &c., of all the American nations, tribes, empires, and states '' 1836 p. 124 ()〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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